In Japan, it is believed that rock crystal is the congealed breath of the dragon, representing the highest powers of creation. Throughout the Orient, it is thought to be the perfect jewel, symbolic of purity, infinity, patience and perseverance. The Roman naturalists Pliny recorded that the ancient Western belief that rock crystal was petrified ice. In the Classical world, the finest works of art and the most precious amulets were carved from it and given as gifts to kings and queens. The early Christians revered its purity as symbolic of the Immaculate Conception, while the people of ancient America believed that the souls of the deceased resided there. Throughout history and in every part of the world, man has valued this transparent, colorless quartz for its benevolent power and its faultless beauty. Medicinally, rock crystal was thought to cure swelling of glands, ailments of this gem were used in Antiquity to ward off the evil eye, bring rainfall, and prevent bad dreams. Its chief appeal has always been its transparent purity, the very personification of virtue, goodness and innocence. Those who wear it are kept pure in body and spirit.