During the late Middle Ages and throughout the Renaissance, Venetian artisans rediscovered the ancient secrets of glass making. On the island of Murano, they created superb vessels and jewelry which were valued throughout the known world. It was also during this period that Venice became the most powerful trading nation in Europe, a city whose ships visited every port both east and west. Venetian traders used glass beads for barter, and these jewels became especially prized in Africa, where they were traded for gold, ivory, rare woods and spices. Venetian beads quickly became a medium of exchange throughout Africa, and in some tribes were used as a bridal dowry. The rare and subtle beauty of these beads continues to dazzle the senses even after the passage of centuries.

A variety of quartz, agate comes in a wide spectrum of colors ranging from red, to blue, to green, brown and white. Examples of agate jewelry from Egyptian and Near Eastern sites date back over four millennia. In amuletic form, agate is believed to cure a wide number of ailments, including fevers, schizophrenia, poison and eye problems. Its specific powers vary according to its color. All varieties of agate are useful for curing insomnia and inducing pleasant dreams. The universally positive effect of agate is enhanced by its rare beauty.