This pair of Lokapala sculptures is a dramatic example of the warrior images placed in the tombs of high-ranking members of the T’ang Dynasty. The figures are exquisitely modelled, and...
This pair of Lokapala sculptures is a dramatic example of the warrior images placed in the tombs of high-ranking members of the T’ang Dynasty. The figures are exquisitely modelled, and still retain some of their original polychrome paintwork. These comparatively large figures are a matching pair from the grave furniture of a social notable of the T’ang Dynasty. Standing c.86 cm high on incorporated pedestal bases, these imposing figures were believed to defend the deceased in the hereafter, hence their fierce expressions and warlike appearance. One figure is grimacing through clenched teeth, the other open-mouthed. Their bellicose appearance would have been heightened by the addition of a wooden spear or other weapon to the perforations in their raised hands. The figures are identically dressed in knee-length tunics with long sleeves, and separate leggings. They also wear a series of straps that encircle the neck and are drawn together at a central boss in the middle of the chest. This also serves to support the large shoulder-flares that would probably have served a defensive as well as aesthetic function in life. Both figures wear pointed shoes and spiked helmets with folded-up neck guards. The most extraordinary aspect of these remarkable statues is their almost perfect preservation. Whereas Lokapala statues are not uncommon in the graves of social notables from this period, the vast majority have suffered major taphonomic surface damage to delicate ceramic detailing. In the present case, however, condition is excellent, with some of the original paint still extant. Warrior figures are one of the numerous figure types included in the grave offerings of deceased social luminaries throughout this period. Entire retinues of ceramic figures were incorporated into the grave furniture, including animals, entertainers, musicians and guardians. According to one Chinese tradition explaining their origin, the emperor Taizong, when ill, was threatened by ghosts outside his room screeching and throwing bricks and tiles. When General Jin Shubao (Chin Shu-pao) and a fellow officer came to stand guard the activity of the ghosts ceased. The grateful emperor had portraits of the two men hung on either side of his palace gates, and thereafter their images became widespread as door-gods.