Old Babylonian Clay Mould With Standing Deity, 2000 BCE - 1700 BCE
Terracotta
height 14 cm
height 5 1/2 in
height 5 1/2 in
LO.1161
The Old Babylonian period describes southern Mesopotamia in the period about 2000-1600 BC. The early years saw a number of important states dominating the region: Isin, Larsa, Eshnunna and, from...
The Old Babylonian period describes southern Mesopotamia in the period about 2000-1600 BC. The early years saw a number of important states dominating the region: Isin, Larsa, Eshnunna and, from 1894 BC, Babylon. Babylon was ruled by a dynasty of Amorite kings. The sixth ruler was Hammurapi, who defeated the other southern states and expanded his control into north Mesopotamia. On the death of Hammurapi the empire gradually shrank over about 150 years. Nonetheless, Babylon remained an important power until it was sacked by the Hittite king, Mursili I, in about 1595 BC. During the Old Babylonian period literary activity flourished with scribes composing and recording religious, poetic and 'scientific' works in Sumerian and Akkadian cuneiform. Perhaps the most famous monument is the stele of Hammurapi, now in the Musée du Louvre, Paris.
This mould depicts a standing naked female figure clasping her hands underneath her breasts, her hair reaching the shoulders, her neck adorned with necklace. Images of women are not generally common, though it has been possible to learn something about the status of women in ancient Mesopotamia from documents dating from 2400 BC until around 1700 BC. Queens often controlled their own estates, had their own administration and played an important role in the economic life of the state. Wives of governors were also active in the textile and other industries. Women could own land, orchards, slaves, oxen and silver. It is clear that women had the same legal rights as men, and that they could go to court to protect them. They could apparently act independently, buying and selling houses, and could act as guarantor for another person. Further down the social scale, the main occupation of women was weaving. Texts also mention the number of their children, who were probably taken to work, as many of them are suckling babies. Boys were separated when grown up and the girls raised to become weavers like their mothers. Many, but not all, were slaves (as a result of warfare). A great number were possibly connected with a-ru-a, an institution where objects, animals or people were donated to temples.
The iconographic subject of this mould finds an attractive comparable in a bust preserved at the British Museum and dated between 2000 BCE and 1750 BCE (inventory number 135680).
This mould depicts a standing naked female figure clasping her hands underneath her breasts, her hair reaching the shoulders, her neck adorned with necklace. Images of women are not generally common, though it has been possible to learn something about the status of women in ancient Mesopotamia from documents dating from 2400 BC until around 1700 BC. Queens often controlled their own estates, had their own administration and played an important role in the economic life of the state. Wives of governors were also active in the textile and other industries. Women could own land, orchards, slaves, oxen and silver. It is clear that women had the same legal rights as men, and that they could go to court to protect them. They could apparently act independently, buying and selling houses, and could act as guarantor for another person. Further down the social scale, the main occupation of women was weaving. Texts also mention the number of their children, who were probably taken to work, as many of them are suckling babies. Boys were separated when grown up and the girls raised to become weavers like their mothers. Many, but not all, were slaves (as a result of warfare). A great number were possibly connected with a-ru-a, an institution where objects, animals or people were donated to temples.
The iconographic subject of this mould finds an attractive comparable in a bust preserved at the British Museum and dated between 2000 BCE and 1750 BCE (inventory number 135680).