Olmec Stone Were-Jaguar Mask, 900 BC to 500 BC
Greenstone
22.9 x 17.8 x 16.5 cm
9 x 7 x 6 1/2 in
9 x 7 x 6 1/2 in
ES.1112
Further images
A beautiful example of Olmec Mask in Jadeite. Jadeite is a rare variety of greenstone, and most probably originated from the Motagua River valley in present-day Guatemala, the only known...
A beautiful example of Olmec Mask in Jadeite. Jadeite is a rare variety of greenstone, and most probably originated from the Motagua River valley in present-day Guatemala, the only known source of jadeite in ancient Mesoamerica. Jadeite is an extremely dense rock with a relative hardness value equivalent to or even greater than that of steel.
With pierced eyes and holes on the mouth and sides, this mask could have been worn by living men. For Olmecs, masks revealed the true identity and potential of the wearers. Living through the wearing of a mask could show their supernatural potential, while deceased rulers could preserve for eternity their human form. In this case, the were-jaguar mask reflects the Olmecs belief that, in the distant past, a union between a woman and a jaguar had produced an earlier race of were- jaguars.
Comparatively little is known of the magic and religious world of the Olmecs, although the clues that we have are tantalising. Technically, these include all non- secular items, of which there is a fascinating array. The best- known forms are jade and ceramic figures and celts that depict men, animals and fantastical beasts with both anthropomorphic and zoomorphic characteristics. Their size and general appearance suggests that they were domestically- or institutionally-based totems or divinities. The quality of production is astonishing, particularly if one considers the technology available, the early date of the pieces, and the dearth of earlier works upon which the Olmec sculptors could draw. Some pieces are highly stylised, while others demonstrate striking naturalism with deliberate expressionist interpretation of some facial features (notably up-turned mouths and slit eyes) that can be clearly seen in the current mask.
Dimension given without mounting.
The Olmecs are generally considered to be the ultimate ancestor of all subsequent Mesoamerican civilisations. Thriving between about 1200 and 400 BC, their base was the tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico, an area characterised by swamps punctuated by low hill ridges and volcanoes. Here the Olmecs practiced advanced farming techniques and constructed many permanent settlements. Their influence, both cultural and political, extended far beyond their boundaries; the exotic nature of Olmec designs became synonymous with elite status in other (predominantly highland) groups, with evidence for exchange of artefacts in both directions. Other than their art (see below), they are credited with the foundations of writing systems (the loosely defined Epi-Olmec period, c. 500 BC), the first use of the zero – so instrumental in the Maya long count vigesimal calendrical system – and they also appear to have been the originators of the famous Mesoamerican ballgame so prevalent among later cultures in the region. The art form for which the Olmecs are best known, the monumental stone heads weighing up to forty tons, are generally believed to depict kingly leaders or possibly ancestors. Other symbols abound in their stylistic repertoire, including several presumably religious symbols such as the feathered serpent and the rain spirit, which persisted in subsequent and related cultures until the middle ages.
With pierced eyes and holes on the mouth and sides, this mask could have been worn by living men. For Olmecs, masks revealed the true identity and potential of the wearers. Living through the wearing of a mask could show their supernatural potential, while deceased rulers could preserve for eternity their human form. In this case, the were-jaguar mask reflects the Olmecs belief that, in the distant past, a union between a woman and a jaguar had produced an earlier race of were- jaguars.
Comparatively little is known of the magic and religious world of the Olmecs, although the clues that we have are tantalising. Technically, these include all non- secular items, of which there is a fascinating array. The best- known forms are jade and ceramic figures and celts that depict men, animals and fantastical beasts with both anthropomorphic and zoomorphic characteristics. Their size and general appearance suggests that they were domestically- or institutionally-based totems or divinities. The quality of production is astonishing, particularly if one considers the technology available, the early date of the pieces, and the dearth of earlier works upon which the Olmec sculptors could draw. Some pieces are highly stylised, while others demonstrate striking naturalism with deliberate expressionist interpretation of some facial features (notably up-turned mouths and slit eyes) that can be clearly seen in the current mask.
Dimension given without mounting.
The Olmecs are generally considered to be the ultimate ancestor of all subsequent Mesoamerican civilisations. Thriving between about 1200 and 400 BC, their base was the tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico, an area characterised by swamps punctuated by low hill ridges and volcanoes. Here the Olmecs practiced advanced farming techniques and constructed many permanent settlements. Their influence, both cultural and political, extended far beyond their boundaries; the exotic nature of Olmec designs became synonymous with elite status in other (predominantly highland) groups, with evidence for exchange of artefacts in both directions. Other than their art (see below), they are credited with the foundations of writing systems (the loosely defined Epi-Olmec period, c. 500 BC), the first use of the zero – so instrumental in the Maya long count vigesimal calendrical system – and they also appear to have been the originators of the famous Mesoamerican ballgame so prevalent among later cultures in the region. The art form for which the Olmecs are best known, the monumental stone heads weighing up to forty tons, are generally believed to depict kingly leaders or possibly ancestors. Other symbols abound in their stylistic repertoire, including several presumably religious symbols such as the feathered serpent and the rain spirit, which persisted in subsequent and related cultures until the middle ages.